RPH, CHAPTER 2: A Brief Summary of the First Voyage Around the World

0:03 good day everybody Welcome to our course readings in Philippine history and now we are in our chapter two which is all about the content in contextual analysis of selected primary sources in Philippine history so before anything else I would like to present to you on board our learning objectives for this chapter first is to familiarize oneself with the primary documents in the different historical periods of the Philippines we are going to to know the different uh example of primary sources in historical periods of the Philippines second is to learn history through primary sources and of course we already

0:51 discussed or we already conducted in our chapter one what's the differences between the primary sources the secondary sources and even the different criticisms right next is to properly interpret primary sources through examining the content and contextual of the documents we're going to examine or scrutinize the the the content of that primary source and even the context of that selected primary sources and lastly is to understand the context behind each selected documents we'll be going to uh present the analysis of the uh

1:37 provided primary sources in this chapter so what we will discuss in this video we will be discussing about the brief summary of the first voyage around the world by melan by Antonio Peta and this is one of the primary sources that we are going to examine or scrutinize for this chapter and we will be knowing the circumnavigation around the world by maalan written by Antonio pigafetta with their forces or company so let's start we all know that historical sources or historical source is the

2:24 historian's primary tool of understanding and interpreting the past so a historian must have this primary source or sources for him or her to be able to understand and interpret the selected primary sources or historical evidences and we all know and and also um we have discussed in the first chapter that the historian's primary tool of understanding and interpreting the past is of course the historical sources or source

3:09 and next is um historical sources it ascertain historical facts because uh this refers to the process of verifying determining or establishing the accuracy and truth of events occur es or even the details of the past and that is why storical sources it assertain historical facts next is facts are then analyzed and interpreted by the historian yes that's correct because facts are collected and verified by historians who then analyze

3:58 and interpret this facts to understand and explain historical events and context because we have this Mantra Baya now facts cannot speak for themselves so it is the responsibility of the historian to analyze and interpret this facts next using primary source in historical research entails two kinds of criticism so we already discussed this criticisms no in our chapter one first is the external criticism if we say external it talks about the authenticity of the

4:43 documents or evidence being used again being used evidence being used like for example we are examining the physical characteristics that is the external criticism another one is the internal criticism so internal criticism it examines the truthfulness of the content of of the evidences so it examines the truthfulness of the documents or the content of the events so in short um internal criticism it looks at the truthfulness and factuality of the evidence while that external

5:30 criticism it examines the physical characteristics and that's the differences between this uh two kinds of criticisms and now we'll be uh moving on to a brief uh summary of the first boyage around the world by melan by Antonio Pega fetta so in this chapter we are going to look at a number of Prim sources from um different historical periods and we are going to um evaluate this documents content in terms of historical value and examine the context of their

6:16 production so the primary sources that we are going to examine is the Antonio Pega fetas Chronicle or Voyage around the world so this is is the enhanced version of Pega feta's book which has been edited by Theodor so about this book this book was taken from The Chronicle from Chron chronicler Chronicles Chronicles of contemporary voyagers a navigator of the 16th century and Italian nobleman and we are referring to Antonio Peta so this book now derived from the accounts of 16th century explorers and was authored by

7:03 Antonio pigafetta Antonio pigafetta was an Italian noble man or Mahal mahara in Tagalog or a man who belongs to a noble class and a navigator navigator Antonio fetta who explores by the Sea and uh who chronicled or who chronicled contemporary voyages again ha SI Antonio Peta orah ni SI Fernando melan Fernand Ferdinand melan in his faithful circumnavigation or travel around the world Antonio Antonio feta's work instantly became a classic that

7:50 prominent literary man in the west so just like William Shakespeare Michael De montine and gam Batista Vio so SI Antonio feta's account account Antonio feta quickly gain recognition is a classic among Western literary figures again H Antonio pigafetta is one of the prominent writer or we say well-known sha historian or writer next petus trog is one of the most important primary source primary sources in the study of

8:35 pre-colonial history so if you are going to study the pre-colonial history the travelog of Pega feta is one of the most important primary sources that we need to include no because this travelog Antonio feta we all know that travel log it is a writing about traveling and this pre-colonial uh it it covers by the pre uh it covered by prehistory and early history and that was in 1521 okay 1521 precolonial or covered by prehistory and early history that was in 1521 therefore um petus travelog is highly

9:24 valued and a primary source for researching the pre-colonial Philippines again if you're going if you wish to study the pre-colonial Philippines the petus travelog is one of your most important primary source sources include next Antonio feta's account was also a major reference to the events leading the melan's arrival in the Philippines so Antonio feta's account um serves as a significant reference for understanding the events that led to gan's arrival in the Philippines providing a very detailed observations and narratives of the explanation so that is why it is uh

10:09 it is why that that that is why Antonio feta's account serves as the most significant reference for understanding the arrival of melan in the Philippines his encounter with local leaders his death with the hands of laaus forces in the Battle of Matan and the departure of what was left of melan's Fleet from the islands so peta's writings offer descriptions of his encounters with local leaders Islands talk about melan's death at the hands of lapulapu's forces during the Battle of of mtan and later we will be knowing what's the real cause or the root

10:55 cause maalan and the first first voyage around the world by maalan was published after feta's return after feta return to Italy so after returning to um Italy Antonia fetta published the first voyage around the world by melan it is a detailed account of Ferdinand melan's Expedition or circum navigation making the first circum navigation of the world this work provides um invaluable insight to the journey including encounters with various uh cultures and the challenges faced by the

11:40 Expedition thus we can say that petas account was also written from the perspective of Pega feta of PETA himself and was a product of context of its production and for this chapter we will focus in The Chronicles of Antonio pigafetta as he wrote his first hand observation and also their experiences in the visayas okay let's start the Journey of Antonio Pega feta and peta's account their Fleet reached what he called landres Island or the island of Thieves okay discuss lron island or the islands of

12:28 Thieves again canas Philippines is the lron island Islands or the islands of theves so Peta described this place landron island or island of the thieves as presently known as Marianas Island H by the way this landres island is not part is not part of the Philipp Philippines no Philippines gay okay and also this lris island uh located south Southwest of Japan west southwest of Hawaii north of New Guinea and east of Philippines it is also called the island of the THS

13:14 what's the reason why they called landres Islands or Marianas Islands as the island of the thibes so let's D deeper into the datas of what feta documented in his account so he recounted these people have no arms but use sticks which have a fishbone at the the end they are poor but ingenious and great THS and for the sake of what we call this three islands of landres islands or Maran Islands arm

13:59 and every time or for any purposes they are poor they are poor they are poor according to feta's description per is very clever or very and describe Island as a greates greates so before maalan p and their forces reach the Philippines nii Sila an island and this is the island that we are refering is

14:46 the lones or Marianas Island so maranas Island part okay so Philippines so morning before Philippines so 10 days after 10 days after gilron Island Peta reported that they reached what he called the Isle of zamal zal presently it is known as Samar but maalan decided to land in another an inhibited Island for a greater security

15:31 where they could rest for a few days soot forces maalan s suar and decide maalan man Island where they could rest for a few days and for their uh greater security to stay for two days Philippines is Samar okay uninhibited Island so Wala palan so two days after it was on uh March 18 1521 and an inhibited Island and Peta

16:18 recounted that nine men came to them and showed joy and eagerness in seeing them so after melan seeing this nine men m realizes that these men were reasonable and very welcoming so melan gave them with food drinks and gifts because these nine men were exhibited exceptional skills and were incredibly welcoming so kelan food drinks and everything in turn the natives also gave them fish Palm wine Ora figs it is a kind of fruit to cus rice or omai cus and other food supply and

17:06 with this uh with all the supplies that the natives give uh Pega feta dat in amazement and Fascination in the palm tree or sa Lui amazement and Fascination Sal Lui which bore fruits called Coco and Mak produce wine and with this feta described Coco as this palm tree produces a fruit named Coco which is a large as the head or thereabouts their first H is green and two fingers in thickness in it they find certain threats with with with which they make the cords for fastening their BS so describe fruit known as coco or likely a

17:54 reference to the coconut roughly the size of a head of a human kadak and the outer house is first the the the outer h of this fruit is green so refera green green describe then he first H is green so green so green color sa K Greenman describe K orang so describe Peta if if green I mean describe

18:40 Peta green and about two fingers [Music] Anga two fingers daaba sa saut and na purpose angn Kaa Daw connect connect for security very wise and very resourceful and after that Peter characterized the people as very familiar and friendly and willingly showed them different islands in the names of this island so in short Peta described these people as

19:27 easily approachable and conial very familiar G and friendly and take note that these people willing Sil island hopping Sila feta and then or honon and there they found what Peta referred to as the watering place of good sign and first sign of gold in the island so Peta referred H Island as The Watering Place of good signs because this is the first signs of gold in the island and and this place is very

20:15 abundant Jud s gold and they named the island hono or honon with the nearby Islands as the archipelago of St Lazarus time when ferdinan melan and his expedition arrived at the island of hunu also known as hunon in the Philippines in March 1521 they were the first European to reach the archipelago so in recognition of the of their Discovery and very timing arrival that day was close to the Feast of St Lazarus Feast of St Lazarus K will happen in March 2nd week if I'm not mistaken and then melan named the

21:00 island along with a nearby group of islands as the archipelago of St Lazarus and after that they left the island of huno or hunon and on March 25 1521 um Peta recounted that they saw to balanghai or balanghai soelling sa balang now it's balanghai uh he described that the balanghai is a Long Boat full of people in maaba or masawa so discover sa balanghai boat and then the leader who referred to as king of

21:47 balanghai or balanghai sent his men to shei of maalan so Ang leader or or king of balanghai melan and then the Europeans entertained this man and give them gifts and then when the king of balanghai offered to give melan a bar of gold and chest of Ginger melan declined what's the reason behind his mind why offer king of bangai and melan's refuse refusal could be um interpreted in several ways then maalan sent The Interpreter which is Henry to

22:34 the king and asked for money for the needs of his sheeps and express that he came into the island as a friend not as an enemy no as a friend as so melan requesting uh financial assistance for his ships needs and conveyed his friendly intent then then the king responded by giving melan the needed provisions of food in China wear so melan exchanged gifts of of of shirt in Turkish fashion red cup and G gave the people knives and mirrors then then the two express their desire to become brothers and then melan

23:21 also boasted his men in an armor who could not be stuck with SWS and daggers so V Jalan proudly highlighted uh his soldiers clad in clamor emphasizing their invulner invulnerability to attacks from swords and daggers and with that the King was fascinated and remarked that men in such armor could be worth 100 of his men and after a few days melan also shared with the King his Char h no no after few few few days melan also shared with a king his charts and maps and shared how they found the island K UHA geography and

24:09 craphy Analysis and after a few days melan was introduced The King's brother Ria cambu who was also a king of another Island againa specifically in ban okay so they went to this island in fap reported that they saw mine of Mines of gold Island and the gold was abundant that parts of the ship and of the House of the second king were made of gold so King made of gold and everything was made of gold and Peta described this King as the most handsome of all the men that he saw in this place so graa

24:56 noag describe as the most maaba or Maz and also he described the king that he was also adorned with silk and gold accessories like a golden dagger which he carried with him in a w in a wooden polish sheet and on March 31st 1521 no Del the King was named Ria cambu king of Zulan and kalagan or ban or caraga and the first king was Sia shago

25:43 and the second king is Si Rya Cambo and on March 31st 1521 na silaga specifically in ban on March 31st 1521 which happened to be eser Sunday melan ordered the chaplain to Pride a mass by the shore so timing K March 31521 K Easter Sunday so s maala request of chaplain or PR priest oride by the shore orasan so the king here the king of bwan king of which one the king of balanghai heared of of this plan and the King sent d

26:28 bab and he attended the mass with the other king and Peta reported King Ria kalambo and King R shago participated in the mass and Peta reported that when the offer Tory of the mass came the two kings went to kiss the cross like us but they offered nothing and and at the elevation of the body of the Lord they were kneeling like us and adored our Lord with join hands so just like Christians do during mass king during Pride AAS by the shore melan ordered that the cross be broth with nails and Crown in place so melan and cross nail and Crown were the sign of his Emperor we are referring

27:14 to melan and with that uh majelan instructed to plant the specif the the the specified items cross nails and Crown in the location where he would reach so everything cross because this ATMs were the sign of his Emperor and also maalan clarified that placing the cross would signal to the other Spaniards that melan himself had visited the land and preventing potential conflicts and any person who might be held captives by the Spaniards or Spaniards would be released immediately K once cross Makita that's a sign of his Emperor himself of melan and the king conquered and allowed

28:01 for the cross to be planted soar and with this the mass would go down in history as the first mass in the Philippines and would and the cross would be famed melan's cross still preserved at present day so with this primary source of Pega feta we can conclude that the first mass in the Philippines was was happened in B one and until now melan cross still preserved at present again how we can conclude that the first mass in the Philippines was happened in but one so after seven days mellan and his men

28:47 decided to move and look for islands where they could acquire more supplies and Provisions so melan's company decided to find another uh another uh Island where they could acquire more supplies and Provisions supplies and needs and with this decision um wait long and with this decision they learned of the islands of silon or presently known as late Bohol and zubu or cibu and intended no intended to go there so again island of L B cibu and or islands where they could acquire more

29:32 supplies and basic needs so first m in the Philippines happened saan okay so rambu offered to Pilot them going to cibu so so among the three islands learn which are the the B cibu and island of cibu and cibu is the largest and richest Island and I think presently cibu is still considered as the largest and the richest Islands if I'm not mistaken so let's see what happened in cibu in April 7 1521 melan and his men reached the port of

30:17 cibu and mellan said that he was a captain of King himself and those would not pay tribute to other kings soot Sil melan and Oban support of cibu in April 7 1521 so the king of cibu through mela's interpreter demanded that they pay tribute as it was customary but melan refused and the reason why and the reason why melan refused was that tribute or gifts s other king captain of King Manco Balan said and then the king of cibu consulted his councel so melan's interpreted explained to the king of CBU that melan's King King was the emperor of a great Empire and that would do them better to make friend and not an enemy

31:04 and that's one of the points of maalan making friend and why do I need to pay tribute even if that is customary and there the king of cibu consulted his Council so day after April 8 melan's men and the king of SIU with other principal men mean men men of cibu met in an open space so what happened in an open space so the king of cibu offered a beat of his blood and he demanded that mellan do the same in historical context such an event uh could be related to the blood compact a that's a traditional Filipino ritual of friendship or treaties and there the

31:51 king of SIU offered a beat of his blood and demanded that melan do the same and then Peta recounted that the then the king said that he was content and as a greater sign of affection he sent him a little of his blood from his right arm and wish he should do that the light our people answered that he would do it besides that he said that all the captains who came to his country had been accustomed to make a present to him and he told them and therefore they could ask their Captain if he would observe the costume our people answered that he would but as the king wish to keep up the custume let him begin and make a present and then the captain would do his jury and on April 9 as well maalan spoke before the

32:38 people of cibu about peace in God so Peta reported that the people took pleasure in melan's speech so when he talk about the peace in God in short melan NW about peace and God and their people took pleasure in melan's speech and M M responded to this by saying that his faith Ina children to render honor and obedience to their parents then melan asked the people who would succeed the King after his Reign so the people responded that the eldest child of the king who happened to be a daughter would be the next in life and melan also preached about their faith further and people were reportedly convinced and Peta

33:25 recounted or through their Free Will and on the 14th of April melan spoke to the king of cibu and encouraged him to be a good Christian by burning all the idols and worship the cross instead the king of cibu was then baptized as a Christian so encourage maalan and king of cibu to be a good Christians but before anything else and with that the king of cibu was then baptized as a Christian so that means king ofu Idols andan to have faith in Jesus Christ and and then Peta wrote

34:11 that to that the king and all his people answered that they would obey the commands of the captain and do all that he told them so Peta wrote king of um as Don Charles or Carlos as the emperor his San was named he named the prince Don F Fernand or Fernando after the brother of the emperor and the king of maaba Jan and to the more he gave the name of Christopher and to the others each name of his fan spread of Christianity

34:58 spread Christianity uh maalan and after 8 Days April 22521 Pega feta recounted all of the islands inhibited were already baptized oh he admitted that they borne a village down for obeying neither the king nor melan and the mass was conducted by the shore every day so when the king came to the mass one day melan gave her an image of Infant Jesus made by melan himself and the king of SIU swore that he would always be faithful we should always be faithful faithful so when melan reiterated that all of the newly baptized Christians need to burn their Idols but the native gabes uh gave excuses telling melan that

35:45 they needed the idols to heal a sick man who was relative to the king so melan insisted that they should put their faith in Jesus Christ faith in Jesus Christ and they went to the sick man and baptized they went to seek man and baptize him after baptismal Peta recorded that the man was able to speak again and he called this Americal and on the 26th of April 1521 melan Zula a principal man from the island of Matan or Matan went to see melan and ask him asked him for a boat full of men so that he would be able to

36:31 fight the chief Nam Sil laulu K Chief we are refering to lau lau according Kang Zula refuse to obey the king and was also preventing Zula from doing so so in short according Zula K Wala sa king melan or saap melan yesan king of uh King ofan melan siula melan lau samakan and right after that

37:19 melan offered three votes and express his desire to mtan himself to fight the S the the said Chief and melan for has arrived in mtan in daylight eagerness melan to fight the chief which is Lau Lao and then and zula's Company numbered 49 in total and the Islanders of Matan were estimated uh to 1,500 so imagine build so the battle began here maalan so P recounted when we reached land mtan we found the Islanders 100 in number or estimated

38:05 1,500 Joon have three squadrons they came down upon us with terrible shouts two squadrons attacking as on the flanks and the third in front so front and sa sides and Peta recounted so initiated into group of Mosers and crossbowmen and thenan for half an hour [Music] Pera forces La Lau imagine fight for half an hour but did nothing

38:54 and fight both parties and the captain shouted not to fire but he was not listen so forces and would not retire them to stop the fight and protect and but suddenly melan died in that battle and let's see during the first fight

39:45 fight [Music] protect with armors and leg leg protection and with that protection leg partes melan and even melan so melan was pierced with a poison arrow in his right leg Target right leg melan with an arrow po Arrow soal right leg after that so some of the forces of melan try intimidate forces n Lau by burning the entire village

40:31 San attemp or intimidate inan was specifically targeted because the native knew that he was the captain General melan right leg so some of his for let's protect our captain with that native melan Captain General so melan was targeted again the question is aha specifically so specifically face with alance or

41:22 spare right and triog BOS or Revenge vulnerable and seeing that the captain was already deterior deteriorated more natives came to attack him forces ores Oran mael and [Music] also

42:08 sword left leg forces LA and with that Peta recounted this so uh melan tamak and everything melan himself turned around melan towards if safy or natives

42:55 torture so King ofu batt or instructed him instructed him and see how mellan Forces fight the battle and of offer gifts with any amount body of melan per Chief Lau de body melan so so melan so the remaining forces of

43:41 melan and D Barbosa was elected as the new captain Andel betray interpreter Henry that he told the king of cibu that they intended to leave as Queen quickly as possible in the middle of fight Peta alleged that the slave told the king of ceu that if he allowed the slaves advice then the king of Cuda could acquire the ships and goods of melan's Fleet gra betal next the two conspired and betrayed what was left on melan's men so the king invited this man to a gathering where he said he would present the Jeb that he would send

44:27 for the king of Spain and pigafetta was not be able to join the 24 men who attended because he was nursing his battle wounds it was only a short time when they heared cries and Lamentations and the natives had slain all the men except The Interpreter and who won sirano who was already wed so Sano was presented and shouted at the men in the Sheep asking them to pay Ransom D so he would be spared so however they refused and would not allow anyone to go to the shore so the fleet departed and abandoned Sano so in the case of PETA uh you need to understand that he was a Chronicle commissioned by the king of Spain to accompany and document a

45:14 voyage intended to expand the Spanish Empire so with the next discussion and video discussion we be knowing commission PETA by the king of Spain to accompany and documents a boyage intended to expand the Spanish Empire and after that they left and Contin their Journey around the world again maalan for forces lapulapu which is Natives and the chronicle of Pega was one again and also the chronicle of PETA was one of the most cited documents by his historians who wish to study the pre-colonial Philippines and feta's work

46:00 is one of the great importance in the study and writing of Philippine history so if you have questions about this video presentation please comment down so I can answer all your question thank you so much and thank you for your listening