Full transcript of “RPH, Chapter 1: Introduction to History Part 1”. Click a timestamp to open the video at that moment. Need another video? Use the YouTube transcript generator.
0:02 greetings and good day everybody Welcome to our course readings in Philippine history by John le P Candelaria and Veronica C Alora so before we proceed to our discussion let me share with you on board of what is the organization of our book so our chapter one it talks about the introduction to history we'll be talking about the the definition of History the issues of History the sources that we are going to use in terms of writing history and of course our ways or techniques or the methodology and how we are going to make a history and our chapter two is all about the content and contextual analysis of
0:48 selected primary sources in Philippine history chapter three talks about the Philippine history we'll be talking about the spaces for conflict and controversies ch CH four the social political economic and cultural issues in Philippine history and lastly our chapter five is all about doing history a guide for students so right now uh Welcome to our chapter one which is all about the introduction to history definition issue sources and methodologies so this chapter introduces history as a discipline and as in narrative later we'll be knowing
1:34 narrative discipline way uh understand Nat about history and of course this chapter it represents the definition of History transcend to the common definition of history as the study of the past and we will be discussing a several issues in history and tackles the Tas of an of of the historian as the Arbiter of facts and evidences in making interpretation and informing historical narrative and I hope that you are watching this video in your most comfortable seat and without further Ado let's start with our discussion with a
2:22 learning objective our first learning objective here is to understand the meaning of history as academic discipline and to be familiar with the underlying philosophy and methodology of the discipline second is to apply the knowledge in historical methodology and philosophy in assessing and analyzing existing historical narratives Les uh learning objective number three is to examine and assess critically the value of historical evidences and sources and lastly is to appreciate the importance of history in Social social and National Life of the Philippines and that is our learning objectives for chapter one so
3:08 what we will discuss today we will embark on a journey to explore the realm of History deling into its intricate definition and en reveling and the compelling questions and issues in history that Define the discipline so let's start the definition of History we all know that history has always been known as the study of the past while the popular definition of history as the study of the past is not wrong it does not give Justice to the complexity of the subject and its importance to human civilization there
3:55 is an importance of History therefore history serves as a lens through which we gain insight into the incases of human experiences uh societal developments and cultural Transformations it is not just a static record of what happened rather it is a continuous dialogue with a tast that allows us to comprehend to forces that have shap our societies and of course in our institution so now the definition of History was derived from the Greek word Historia so if we say Historia that
4:43 means a knowledge acquired through inquiry and investigation so just like mathematics and philosophy history word existed for around how many years years no and the Historia here which means knowledge acquired through inquiry and investigation it is uh it is the knowledge or it is our knowledge acquired through active inquiry questioning and systematic exploration of a subject through a thorough examination and that is why there is an
5:28 important of asking why questions because our curiosity drives us okay and the Greek word Historia became known as the account of the past they note that it is account of the past of the person or a group of people through written documents and historical evidences so the the Greek word histor Oria here that means a past that is recounted through written documents and historical evidences just like biography of a person or an account of someone's
6:14 life written by someone's someone else that is the account of the past of the person or a group of people and that is the Greek word of History which is is correct Historia next another definition for history is history has always been known as the study of the past yes that is correct because history is the scholarly examination and interpretation of past events uh not just in the past events but it is also an interpretation of societies and of course the human activities because by studying the past
7:02 we gain knowledge about our cultural heritage stud T we gain knowledge about our cultural heritage learn from past successes and failures and develop a sense of identity that is why history has always been known as the study of the past another definition is that history became an important academic discipline why it is important in academic discipline because history gained academic significance and history achieved academic prominence because history became an important
7:48 academic discipline as a scholar recognized the value of systematically studying and interpreting past events Society ities and human actions to understand the complexities of a human experiences that is why history became an important academic discipline next another definition of History it became the historian's duty to write about the lives of important individuals like monarchs Heroes Saints and no abilities additionally um history was also focused
8:34 on writing about wars revolutions and other important breakthroughs all over the world and that is history and that is why it is thus important to ask what count as a history because uh a traditional historian live with this Mantra now no document no history so that means without written documents or without written records or other forms of documentation the events and experiences of the past may be lost or remain unknown if there is no
9:23 document and also it emphasizes the essential role of a WR records the artifacts and other forms of documentation in preserving and reconstructing the events and Narrative of the past underlining the significance of tangible evidence in the study of history that is why no document no history simply means document then there will be no history no because an historian traditional historian Mantra no document no
10:08 history next is history progressed and open up to the possibility of valid historical sources which were not limited to written documents like government records chroniclers accounts or personal letters because restricting historical evidences as exclusively written is also discrimination against other social classes who were not recorded in paper because some of these people are coming from aan families or indigenous groups who were not given
10:54 much though about being registered to a government records so does it mean that they are that they were people of no history or past or does it mean exist and the loophole was recognized by historians who started using kinds of historical sources which may not be in written form but were just as valid this are the oral traditions in form of epics and songs even an artifacts architecture and a
11:40 memory next is that history does became more inclusive and started collaborating with other disciplines as its auxiliary disciplines and we have here archaeolog AR archaeologist uh archaeologist use artifacts from bygone ERA this is to study the ancient civilization that were formerly ignored in history because lack of evidence or lack of documents so archeologist help to to have or to gain
12:26 more his archaeologist next we have here Ang linguist helpful in tracing historical evolutions and by studying language we all knowu stud about language and linguist by studying language and the changes that is that that that has undergone so linguist study about their study some dialects proponent to understand what they are talking or what they are referring to linguist another is the scientist so scientist can help by analyzing genetic
13:12 or DNA Trace patterns of human societies and that is the definition and subject matter of history and now let's proceed with the questions and issues in history so his history as a discipline has already Tor into a complex and dynamic inquiry and of course this dynamism will generate diverse perspective on the discipline addressing various questions such as uh what is history why do we need to study why do we need to study history and para K history so right now if you are watching
13:57 this uh video I want you to answer these three questions and write your answer on the comment section but before anything else just before uh uh posting your answer you need to write your complete name down is your course year and section and your uh answer of these three questions this is included in your activity okay next is historiography so so history as a discipline has already torn into a complex and dynamic inquiry so to answer this three question term which is all about which
14:45 I'm referring to the histography because historiography in simplest term study of history or historiography is the study of history itself so his uh historiography is the study of is the history of History so historiography is the study of how history has been written recorded and interpreted over time and histography and history should not be confused with each other the definition between the history and histography because history as what we
15:33 have uh discussed is it is the study of the past the events that happen in the past and causes of that events while stereography is the study of history itself it is indeed that the study uh it is indeed that uh historiography is the study of methods interpretations and principles of historical research and writing so in in short historiography broaden histography just like unlike
16:18 history what's the history without knowing the method interpretation and principles of historical research and writing and also uh historiography lets the students have a better understanding of History because they do not only get to learn um historical facts but they are also provided with the understanding of the facts and historians context so Moto very broad or must deepen historiography because uh because studying historiography it enables students to gain a deeper
17:03 understanding of History by exploring the methods perspectives and interpretations that have shaped the discipline over time therefore stereography it is important for someone who studies history because it teaches the students to be critical in the lesson of history and always be think that learning of past mistakes can help people not to repeat them being reminded of a great past can inspire people to keep their good practices to move forward so that means that uh lessons in life know or mistakes in life will be
17:49 repeated until they are learn it's correct and here we have the two philosophical schools of thoughts these are the positivism and the postc colonialism so what's the differences between these two philosophical schools of thoughts so let's start with the positivism so positivism is a school of thought that emerged in 19 in 18 and 19th century take note H during examination that the positivism emerg in the 18th and 19th century and
18:35 also this thought requires empirical and observable evidence before one can claim that a particular knowledge is true so the best thing about this school of thought is that no document no history so just like for example or evidences or historical sources and that is why no document no
19:25 history M Sila an Mantra no document no history and positivism it stems from this very simple truth where historians were required to show written primary documents in order to write a particular historical narrative and also positivism positivist historians are expected to be objective and impartial not just in their arguments but also in their conduct of historical research and that's the good about positivism laging my evidentia because they believe that no
20:13 document no history how about the postc colonialism so postcolonialism is a school of thought that emerged in the early 20th century unlike K positivism emerge in the in the 18th and 19th century post colonialism emerged in the early 20th century so what is postcolonialism all about so postcolonial history looks at two things in writing history first to tell the the history of their nation and second one is to criticize the methods the effects and the idea of
21:00 colonialism so just like for example the time of American or castila we only considered history after we considered we have a history about American or castila if event so event that means history that is why post colonialism therefore postcolonial history is a reaction and an alternative to the Colonial history that Colonial Powers created and thought to their subjects post
21:46 colonialism word post so or history after events Wars or revolution war events or revolution then there is a history and one of the problem confronted by history is the accusation that history is always written by Victors therefore with a more thorough historical investigation the truth will reveal and that is the post colonialism again that is the differences between the
22:34 positivism and the postcolonialism positivism they they believe in the Mantra no document no history and post colon Wars history unless events and that is our uh discussion for this session I hope that you learned something and if you don't if you have confusion confusion please try to rewatch our this video presentation thank you so much and please don't forget through to comment down your uh answer on the three
23:20 questions given a while ago thank you so much and have a great day
