Full transcript of “LESSON 5 Ethics: Virtue Ethics”. Click a timestamp to open the video at that moment. Need another video? Use the YouTube transcript generator.
0:00 Hi, welcome back to my channel. This is Joe Bren. So for today's I'll be sharing to you our lesson five discussion in the subject of ethics. We are almost there. So Bruno. So this is the second to the last topic that I'll be sharing to you. So I hope that you are learning from all the videos that I've posted. So but before I'll do that, I would like to say thank you. Thank you to all my subscribers for all your support and we're almost there. So happy s 1,000 subscribers. So I am very flattered for all your support. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you so much. I I feel so proud of myself for doing this
0:47 and thank you for all your comments and feedback. It really means a lot to me. So I hope you will continue watching all my videos and as much as possible I'll be sharing all my learnings every week. So every week is I will be posting videos for you at least uh you can get something out of my discussion. Okay so clap clap thank you so much I'm so happy. Okay so for today's I'll be sharing to you uh this topic. So we will talk about the idea of virtue ethics. So this is our lesson five discussion. Okay. So are you ready? Okay. So when you talk about virtue ethics, what comes into your mind? Okay. So since we are
1:34 done talking about the ontology, uni universalizability, the ethical dimension of human existence, now we will go deeper about the idea of virtue ethics. So based on research so virtue ethics is defined as the goodness of a human being. So it focuses on our character and doing some virtuous act. So according to some psychologist n psychologist that human is good by nature and that is the idea of human ethics. When you think about the goodness of a human being you are talking about the virtues the virtue ethics of a human being. And there are two major thinkers m ancient Greeks nila that they are discussing or explaining
2:20 to us the idea of virtue ethics. What is this all about the eye? So they kept on questioning themselves what is the ethical principle of life and these are Plato and Aristol. Okay. Soila. So do you still know them? Okay. So let's let's try to go back in time. So what is their idea about ethical principle? So take note that they both agreed on the idea that human as we are we have our own rationality. We have our own rational will and that is the main purpose why we have the highest faculty
3:09 because we have our rationality and because of that rationality we we know the purpose of our existence we know what we are doing and we know how to think. So that's the idea of Plato and Aristo when you talk about the ethical principle of life. But at some point discussion conflicting ideas when you talk about the ethical principle of life. So what so first one is according to Plato Plato
3:54 let's talk about existence Plato that reality it's outside the realm of any human sensory experience but can somehow be grasped by one's intellect. Right. [Music] Meaning and this is reality. This is reality. That's according to Plato.
4:44 because therefore experience. So that's the idea of Plato. So, how about Aristol? Aristolityist. Okay. So, s English reality is found within our everyday encounter with the objects in the world. Okay. Again,
5:40 Okay. So Aristol contradist. [Music] Okay. Okay. So it's because justification is matter and form. I am part of a matter philosopher discuss about matter. So I I
6:28 am a matter. So what is a matter? Anything that occupies space. You are a perfect example of a matter. I am a matter. So since I am part I am part of a matter therefore I have my my own form right. So because I have I am part of the matter at the same time part matter I also have my own form. Okay. So justification. Okay. Justification. Therefore, that we we are not separated from the
7:14 object. [Music] Okay. So matter at the same time I have my own form that way [Music] right human being but we have different forms and we are not separated. We are not separated. [Music] simply. Okay. So we will talk about
8:02 happiness and ultimate purpose. So we will try to understand the idea of Aristol. Aristotle the main purpose of life is to be happy. So according to Aristol when you when you talk about happiness and ultimate ultimate purpose Aristol stated something because we have our own purpose [Music] or the aim. So that's why we are doing something we are pursuing something because we have our own aim or goals in
8:49 life. Therefore something we do something because we think that it is beneficial for all of us. It is beneficial for me. It is beneficial for you. That's why you are doing this. That's why online because you have your own aim. higher goal. Okay. So that's the idea of Aristol about happiness and ultimate purpose. So Aristol clearly stated that we do something we act something because we know that it is beneficial for all of us. And
9:35 something just because of doing it. We are doing something because we have our own goal. we have our higher goal. So that's the purpose that's the idea of aristo when you talk about uh our aim our goal or higher goal in life. Soarchy. Therefore, so the first one is
10:22 this is your final end. meaning that you are dealing with your final end. We keep on craving and craving for more. Right? Therefore, that is your final end. Higher goal, much higher purpose. Therefore, this is not yet your final end. So, for example,
11:11 because you have you are finding your higher goal. Therefore, this is not your final end. So that's the idea of Aristotle. And the second criteria that you are doing the highest good of a man that you are doing the highest purpose of life. The second criteria is try to ask yourself is it self-sufficient are you satisfied? Are you fulfilled something more? Therefore, the highest good of man.
11:57 Again, when you are dealing with the highest good of man, if if it's your final end, the second if if it is self sufficient. Okay. Abraham Maslo selfactualization actually that is very difficult to achieve you are selfactualized self-actualize or if you are self-sufficient or if you think it's the final end you will not crave for more you keep on craving and craving and something something for more therefore you are not yet uh dealing with your final end. Okay.
12:44 So, so what is the highest goal of Aristo? How can we know that our goal is final end or self-sufficient? Okay. [Music] As human beings, we are longing and longing for something more. Okay? Because we keep on craving for more and we can never be satisfied. Therefore, finding happiness and ultimate purpose in life. If you if you want to know the answer
13:31 why We are dealing with our final ends older people [Music] right finding happiness and ultimate purpose in life that the ultimate purpose of life is finding happiness because of their wisdom because of their life experiences that the highest purpose and ultimate goal of man is to be happy.
14:23 find happiness. Take note, but still they are not satisfied. Still they are they're still finding their own happiness. Okay. But if older individuals the main goal of life or the the the the higher goal of life is to be happy. Okay. [Music] wealth power pleasure.
15:08 [Music] We are not just doing it for ourselves. We are doing it because we want to find happiness. level there is higher goal happiness that's the idea of Aristoon okay so happiness seems to be the final endo is is final end is to be happy
15:57 [Music] profession power happiness but [Music] exactly what makes me happy is different from what makes you happy. So because we have different forms again we have we we are part of matter and being part of a matter we have different forms we have different characters we have different personalities okay so happiness for Aristol is the only self-sufficient aim that one can aspire for happiness is the final end and happiness is the only
16:42 thing that can satisfy a human person. Okay. So for others happiness is we attach it to our wealth and power. For others happiness is something that that are pleasurable. Okay. So that's why happiness argue about happiness. Okay. According to Aristo, the only
17:29 to find our own happiness is to do our best to function very well. [Music] Do better. That's where you can find happiness. Do something better. There you can find your happiness, right? [Music] So teaching because that's the place where I can find my happiness. industry gory because that is where you can find your
18:15 happiness. Okay. So about the meaning where to find happiness because it is you who can really find the deeper sense of being happy. Okay. Okay. So how does a human person uh different from other pe person? It's because we are just the same human being. But what makes us different from others or from the rest is how we function properly. For example,
19:04 circle [Music] very gracefully. That's why what makes us separate is how we perform is is how we do our best in everything that we do. Right. How we stand out? [Music] Okay. So meaning [Music]
19:53 what makes me different from them? Therefore, that makes me stand out. It makes me happy, right? At least at least I'm doing something. At least the best thing. That's why English comfortable because this is this is my language. So,
20:38 okay. Okay. So, a person a person cannot only perform by function but she can also perform it well. [Music] Okay. So for example the same what makes you different is how you perform. That's why performance right is performance. Okay. So it's because we have our rationality. We have our rational activity. If you think something better, do not hide it from
21:24 others. It's because of your performance. Do not function just do not function. If you think you can still do better, so that makes us human. Do something different and make you stand out. Okay. So the next topic is virtue. as excellence. So according to Aristotle achieving the highest purpose is very difficult as a human person. [Music]
22:10 Okay. So because when you talk about excellence when you talk about is you are talking about your virtue. Okay. So what is the importance of virtue? Meaning virtue when you talk about virtue is you are dealing with what? You are dealing with excellency. You are you are accomplishing something. You are still doing a lot of things in excellence. That's why being excellent is overnight excellent in just
22:55 [Music] so it talks about excellence performing in excellence but you cannot do it by a single act. You need to gain a lot of life experience a lot of uh trials. for you to do it in excellency. So, excellent. Okay. When you talk about excellence da according to Aristol is it is the activity of the human soul. Aristol no. So if you are doing it if you are doing something if you are doing something in excellence
23:41 meaning you are doing something that is part of your human soul you are doing your passion you are doing what you think is best for you you are not doing doing this just for compliance that's why I have a lot of students know submit comply but they are just doing it for compliance that's Why response do something with passion? Because I want you to deal with the activ your your excellence the activity of the human soul. Just submit lang. Just submit this. I I want you to deal with your excellency. Okay. So when you talk about excellence
24:26 the human soul is divided into two parts. Okay. So soul is divided into two parts when you talk about excellence. The first one is the irrational element. So when you talk about irrational element, you are talking about something. Okay. The irrational element of being human, [Music] right? So reasoning you just have to do it because you need it.
25:12 When you talk about rational uh faculty is you are dealing with your reason before [Music] because you have a rational faculty. Okay. Excellent. No one can [Music] learn. Okay.
25:59 [Music] Therefore, you have acquired wisdom because of your mistakes. [Music] Okay. So, faculty. We have two aspects of our rational faculty. We have the moral, right? The moral faculty and the intellectual faculty. Okay. So rational faculty two aspects the moral and the intellectual. So when you talk about the moral faculty this is concerned which concerns the act of doing
26:45 rightalctual. [Music] Okay, that's it. Faculty mother. Okay, the moral and the intellectual. Moral is the act of doing things. Intellectual is the act of knowing things. Okay. So take note these two aspects are very important in exercising our functioning of reason. Important. Okay. So okay so according to Aristol our rational faculty tells us that we can we can do something
27:31 better tells us that we have two kinds of virtue the moral and intellect. our moral and intellectual because of our rational faculty. [Music] And according to Aristol that the only way to attain our we are using our rational faculty is through our reasons or through our habit. [Music]
28:18 that you are doing your moral faculty. Okay. So a morally virtuous manally virtuous man is if you are morally virtuous. So morally virtuous person meaning but if you are a morally virtuous man you know how to determine the goodness and the right one to act. Therefore, if if we want to become a morally good person, for example,
29:05 therefore, I need to act, I need to do the proper act because I know it is not the right thing to doally virtuous person. Okay. So, I hope. Okay. So, next topic discuss the Aristotle is the moral virtue and misotest. uh pronounce but I'll I'll try to to explain it better for you. Okay. As stated by Aristol, practical wisdom involves learning from experience. So according to him practical wisdom we need to learn from
29:51 our experience because from the time that you commit mistakes that's the time that you acquire wisdom. That's the time you acquire your practical wisdom. Practical because you experienced it. This is the right thing to do. No, practical wisdom because you are the ones experiencing it. Okay. So practical wisdom involves learning from experience. Knowing the right thing to do is somewhat complicated especially if and it's not easy. It's not easy to
30:38 decide sacrifice. So explain Aristotle. So that's why life we we normally commit mistakes and because of that mistake we learn something out from that mistakes. You need to check your moral your moral faculty and your intellectual faculty possibly something right possibly. correct the way. Okay. So, as we grow older, we tend to become mature. As we grow older, the way you do things, the way you live your
31:23 life, peaceful life. That's why older people because wisdom is city before. So I need to relax. I need to find myself. I need to find my happiness. Okay. Okay. So based on Aristol so about this one a morally virtuous person is concerned with achieving her appropriate action. [Music]
32:13 Okay. Okay. Morally virtuous person. Okay. Neither excessive nor deficient. Okay. Morally virtuous person is right. [Music] So therefore is we need we need to find our our mean
33:04 Okay. Right. It's normal because we have our feelings, our passions, our abilities, our personalities normally. But the way we respond to our anger. Okay. So, right. So, we need to find our mean, our
33:51 average or the degree. Okay. So, purpose miso test or so a morally virtuous person targets the miso test. So what is miso test? So for a risk or the situation that you are in for example adjust depending on the circumstances. So
34:38 middleman, right? So adjust depending on the situation that you are in is the miso test. If you want to become, if you want to become a morally virtuous person, [Music] But for me,
35:23 I try to analyze things, right? I'll try to find myself depending on the situation that you are in. So reaction. Okay. individual, right?
36:11 We have different upbringings even conflicting ideas but we need to find our miso test our middleman. Okay. So our feelings, our passions, our action middle point although our feelings, passions actions it's it's a neutral feeling, right? So neutral but in finding your test. Okay.
36:57 Therefore, right excessive [Music] excessive deficient Tasa tasa miso test. So if you want to become a morally virtuous person, we need to find our miso test. So that is your middle or the average your middleman when you're dealing about your feelings, the passions and the action. Okay. So thank you so much for watching all my videos. Thank you for
37:43 subscribing my channel. I am so happy. And to those who are new to my channel, please don't forget to like, share, and subscribe to get more updates. Thank you and God bless.
