COLLOCATION group 13

0:00 Assalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh. We're from group 13 and now we want to share our explanation about collocation. Before that, let me introduce our group. The first is the first member is me, Fatimatuz Zahra and then the second is Syahiza Mahiratul [musik] Aulia and the last is Hana Zulfa Arsyida. Oke, now we going to the explanation. Oke everyone, [musik] what is collocation? Collocation means some word are usually used together in a language. People [musik] do not choose this word pairs by thinking about the meaning. They use them because that is what [musik] everyone says. For example, English speaker says heavy rain not

0:46 strong rain [musik] and Indonesian speaker says hujan deras [musik] bukan hujan kuat. Oke, so why it matter for translation [mendengus] equivalence? [musik] All right, equivalence is not only about finding one word for one word. A good translation must also sounds natural [musik] to the readers. If a translator translate word by word, [musik] may the sentence may be correct in the grammar but still sounds weird or strange. And then choosing the right collocation is an important [musik] part of equivalence. Why collocation are often arbitrary? [musik] Mmm. There is no clear rule or logic behind

1:32 collocation. They come from habit. [musik] Like word heavy is not really better than strong for rain and people just got used people just got used to saying it that way. And we we learn this pairs we learn this [musik] pairs by reading and listening a lot. Oke, every language has its [musik] own habit like Indonesian says eh minum obat but in English we say take a medicine not drink medicine. And then in Indonesian we say eh naik motor in English we say ride motorcycle not

2:21 a climb motorcycle. And then in Indonesian we say mm in Indonesian we say tangkap layar but in English we say take a screenshot not catch a screen. Oke, if we translate eh word by word it sounds weird. So the translator must choose the natural word pair in the target language. Today I will discuss the relationship between meaning, culture, and colocation. Colocation refers to the way word naturally occur together in language. For example, make a decision, take medicine, or break a promise. Meaning hope explain my colocation word can be combined when their meaning are

3:09 compatible. For example, in English you say take medicine not eat medicine because take is used for consuming medicine in the form of tablets or capsules. Similarly we say break a promise because break means to violate or end something. In this case colocation reflect the semantic feature of a word. Culture also plays [mendengus] an important role. Some colocation arise from the habits, beliefs, or social practices of a community. For example, English speaker use white wedding to refer to a traditional wedding. Well other language or culture may use different color or expression.

3:57 Food religion greeting and traditional often create a word combination that cannot be understood only through their literal meaning. However, meaning and culture cannot explain everything. Many collocations are arbitrary or conventional. We say make a mistake, not do a mistake, even though both verbs seem logically possible. Therefore, collocation is partly based on meaning and culture, but also on established usage within a language community. And then, factors that influence the range of collocation. The first factor is specificity. A word with a very specific meaning usually has narrow

4:44 range of collocation. For example, blonde mainly combines with hair, so its collocation range is limited. In contrast, good has a broad meaning and can combine with many nouns such as good idea, good food, good friend, and good news. The second factor is the number of meanings. Polysemous word or word with several meaning tend [mendengus] to have a wider collocation range. The word run, for example, can mean to move quickly, manage something, or operate a program. Because its meaning vary, we can say run

5:29 fast, run a company, and run a program. Therefore, the more general a word is, the more meaning it has. The more word it can combine with. Conversely, the more specific and limited its meaning the rarer natural collocation it has. In short, the range of collocation is influenced by semantic breadth the number of meaning and conventional use within a language. Now, I will explain about marked and unmarked collocation. Before we discuss about the example, we need to understand that collocation are combination of

6:17 words that commonly occur together in a language. There are two type of collocation, unmarked collocation and marked collocation. First, let's talk about unmarked collocation. Unmarked collocation are common and expected combination of words. Artinya, kombinasi kata ini sering digunakan dan terdengar natural bagi penutur bahasa tersebut, yaitu bahasa Inggris. For example, we have heavy rain, make a mistake, and strong coffee. Nah, kita bisa melihat bahwa kombinasi dari eh kata tersebut terdengar wajar karena memang umum digunakan dalam bahasa Inggris. Next, we have marked collocation. So, what marked collocation? Marked collocation are

7:02 unusual or unexpected combination of words that attract the readers or listener attention. For example, a screaming silent. Nah, secara harfiah, kata screaming berarti berteriak. Nah, sedangkan kata silent itu memiliki arti keheningan. Nah, kedua kata ini memiliki makna yang bertentangan karena screaming itu biasanya berkaitan dengan suara, sedangkan silent biasanya tidak ada suara. Namun, ketika digabungkan dua kata ini, ungkapan ini dapat memberikan efek yang lebih kuat. Misalnya, ungkapan tersebut bisa menggambarkan keheningan yang terasa menegangkan atau tidak nyaman. So, the marked difference is that

7:48 unmarked collocations are common and expected, while marked collocations are unusual and noticeable. Now, let's move to the importance of collocations in translation. Collocations are important because translators should not translate words individually without considering the context. They also need to pay attention to meaning and natural word combinations. For unmarked collocations, translators should choose expressions that sound natural in the target language. For example, when translating heavy rain into Indonesian, we would normally say hujan deras, not translate each word literally. Meanwhile, for marked collocations, translators need to

8:33 consider the special meaning or effect of the original expression. For example, a screaming silence could be translated as keheningan yang terasa mencekam. Namun, terjemahan ini juga bergantung pada konteks kalimatnya. Penerjemah juga harus memahami pesan yang ingin disampaikan oleh penulis terlebih dahulu. Therefore, a good translation should sound natural while pre- preserving the meaning and effect of the original text. From these four points, we learn that words do not always combine in the same way across language. Meaning, culture, and word characteristics can influence collocations. Selain itu, unmarked collocations are common and expected,

9:21 while marked collocations are unusual and attract attention. Overall, translating collocations is not just about translating individual words. Di sini, penerjemah juga harus memperhatikan konteks agar hasil terjemahannya itu terdengar natural dan tetap mempertahankan makna teks yang aslinya. Thank you for your attention.