Class-20 Motivation | Theories of Motivation | JKPSC Classes for Lecturer (10+2)#jkpsclecturerjobs

0:00 Hello Namaskar, welcome to Incalkate Learning, this is 20th class. We will discuss motivation. Majorly two theories are mentioned. Maslow's theory must be known to everyone, it should be imprinted in the heart and mind because Maslow's theory is asked in every exam, and it is explicitly mentioned in the syllabus as well. We have also read Rogers' theory, if we see, but we will discuss it from the motivation point of view, otherwise when we talk about personality or humanistic approach, then we talk about Rogers' theory. Aldo, both of these people, these theories of motivation, both talk about the humanistic approach. Ok? So this is presented by me Raveena. If you find the videos informative then you can like, share and subscribe to Incate Learning. It's absolutely free. So we

0:46 can earn this much for free. You can check the rest of the previous classes from the playlist. Ok? What is motivation? So motivation is overall a process. Yes. Many times you watch videos for motivation or listen to someone's motivational lecture. Ok? So or by seeing someone you get motivated. So it's a process, what is happening in that process is that you saw someone and because of that you got a stimulation that you have to do this work or you have to clear this exam or you have to get a job. So it is a complete process which is stimulating you or an individual, inducing you to do any work in a certain manner. Ok? We will always have a motive. That motive will drive our behavior. Just as fuel drives a motor vehicle.

1:31 So that motive will drive us. That will work as fuel for us. Questions from here are seen every time in motives. We talk about two types of motives. We call this primary biological or physiological motive. These are universal motives. You do not need to acquire these. There is no need to learn. Right? That means you are hungry, you need to rest, you are tired, you are feeling sleepy. Ok? So what are all those things? These are universal motives. This is biologically true. Now there is hunger, you will feel hungry after a certain point. Right? You should avoid pen or any other thing. So all these things which are pain or pleasure are being felt. So what is this? Somewhere or the other you will see biological or physiological motives. The others will be

2:17 secondary or psychological or social motives which are acquired and learned. Ok? The motive could be of power, of security, or of achievement. The point is that no matter what the motive is, both motives arise from need, desire or you want something which arises from need or desire only. Usually the primary ones will be seen coming out of the need somewhere or the other. And somewhere in the secondary, desire or want also comes. Ok? So these will be your two types of motives. If we talk about types of motivation then intrinsic will be extrinsic. The intrinsic thing that is coming from within you is that okay, I want a job. I don't need to watch anyone's motivational lecture. The situation at my home is such that I need this job. The Rs.

3:04 60-7000 I will get per month after this job can change the situation of my home and my life. Right? So that is intrinsic type of motivation. It will be in the extrinsic that so and so is doing it, you also have to do it or look at that person, he is an IAS. She has such power and it works perfectly. So you have to do that, you have seen someone's motivational lecture or your father wants you to do it, that is why you are doing it after seeing him and your father has told you to do it. So that motivation when you get it from somewhere outside, that is extrinsic. Intrinsic when inside. Obviously, intrinsic motivation is better. It will last for a long time. What is extrinsic lasts for a short time. Ok? So the purpose of participation will be there in intrinsic motivation. Enjoyment in the process itself. That means you are enjoying

3:50 doing that thing. Ok? I am enjoying teaching. So this is the intrinsic motivation that I am able to teach in whatever situations I can, no matter what. Ok? What will remain extrinsic? That I can start selling courses and I am getting monetary benefit. Because of this, what am I doing ? xo Teaching. Right? So there will be two differences in that process that when I am enjoying it, that is an intrinsic process. How are emotions being experienced? Whether I enjoy it or not, I feel pleasant. I enjoy teaching. So what happened to that thing? Emotions were experienced. Here there will be an atmosphere of tension and pressure that friend, I am selling the course. I don't know how many children they will take. I don't know how much revenue will be generated etc. etc. So that is what happened? Extrinsic Motivation. You will talk about rewards here.

4:36 In effective reward, you will only see enjoyment and pleasure and other things can be secondary. But whether you enjoy or enjoy that thing will be intrinsic. In extrinsic you will see social or material rewards. More likely to stay in intrinsic for longer tasks. Because since I have been teaching for so many years or I will be able to teach for so many more years. So it depends more on intrinsic motivation. Ok? Because if I do not teach or study for two-three days or do not record any video of teaching or class, I myself start feeling anxious. So that is the intrinsic motivation that I have to teach. I am a teacher. I want to teach. Ok? So that became a teacher by choice thing. What will remain in the extrinsic? I felt a little bit of interest for a short time. Then he went away. Then I had to watch someone's motivational lecture or someone said something and

5:22 after that my interest came back. So that is extrinsic. So here it looks extrinsic comparatively for the short term. If you talk about long term tasks, then more likely you will be able to stay there only if there is intrinsic motivation. Ok? Self-motivation to take on new tasks and innovate. So now it was my wish that I want to teach the students of JKPSC. Now any number of children can attend the classes. But the new task that I have taken up is self- motivated. Ok? So that self-motivation that okay, I have to do this thing. If I teach this syllabus then even I might not understand these points here. I too will probably be able to read better. So, I will also grow. Right? So you are taking those new tasks with self-motivation. Here, social learning compliance will be seen increasing. So here it is a bit

6:09 compulsory or you can feel that there is a bit more pressure from outside. Ok? There is self-motivation here. Increase speed of task here. So basically in extrinsic you just need to understand that motivation loss can also happen. Motivation may also return. There are less chances of motivation loss here. When it is intrinsic. So you should know those things. So you must have understood the intrinsic and extrinsic major difference. This is our cycle of motivation. Yes. So there is some drive or motive of yours or there will be some motive which will drive you on that path. Ok? And where will that come from? It comes only from need or desire. Ok? Originated from need or desire. So that motive will remain as long as you are in a state of restlessness. There will be a tense situation. He will keep motivating you that you have to do it and achieve the goal. When that

6:56 goal is achieved then there is a relief and that is not the incentive that we achieve it. You will see a situation of relief. Many times people say that once you become a good IAS, what will you do next? Even after becoming an IAS, the happiness lasts only for a few moments. Ok ? Because that goal has been achieved. So leaving that thing you will now run after the next one. It is human behaviour to leave one thing and go after another. So the thing is that once one goal is accomplished, then another thing will begin. So this is the cycle of motivation. Research suggests that the motivation of students has a great impact on their academic performance. Ok? So motivation itself is influenced by other factors and motivation impacts on academic performance also than the

7:43 theories we talk about. We usually read three types of theories in the theories of motivation. Not even three, usually I read only two. Content and process. So if you talk about content theory then they are concerned with identifying people's needs. So you are focusing on people's needs, their strengths, their goals, and how to satisfy their needs. So, that is content theory. Ok? We are focusing on how that behavior is there, here we have focused on what the needs are. Ok? These theories are concerned more with how behavior is initiated, directed, sustained, and attempted to identify the relationship. That means here you are talking about the process. There you are talking about identification of need. You are talking about the content. Ok? Yes. Reinforcement theory Outcome theory which focuses on outcomes or consequences.

8:30 Ok? That's What Types of Consequences Motivate Different People to Work. So what kind of result will they get, only then they will get motivated. Ok? So we read these things in content and process theories. We have to do Maslow's theory. Very important. So when you talk about Maslow's theory, it is included in content theories. Ok? Carl Rogers 's Edge Truth We don't read either of these. But the point is that we usually read Carl Rogers' theory in personality. But here the name is given in motivation. So here we will read what is Carl Roger's point of view. Ok? Maslow's theory is very important. Yes. You should know everything. I have added this in detail to your classes. So if you talk about Maslow's theory, he arranges human needs in a hierarchy. First there will

9:16 be physiological needs, that is, survival needs, without which you cannot survive. And gradually you will move towards more creative and intellectually oriented self- actualization needs. Ok? Survival needs must be met first. Only then will you move to the next step. Like physiological needs first. Now that you have come into this world, you will first think about living. For human survival you must know how to breathe. Food has to be eaten, no matter what the water is. Ok? Have shelter. So what is this? These are basic needs. So these are physiological needs. When we talk about basic needs, these are biological requirements for human survival. Ok? You will talk about safety needs. So this will be the case that once you are getting the situation of food, clothing and shelter, then you will think a little about the future

10:02 as to how things can continue and how to become better. So after that you think about safety and security. Ok ? Once you get a security, you've got a job. Now it will be thought that okay love and belongingness, okay the job is done, now let us think about marriage, let us think about relationship, not just marital relationship or partnership but also on the social level you will think a little that okay let's go to so and so's place or go there then about love and belongingness, now the person will talk of human emotions, first of all you are not focusing on emotions because your stomach is not getting filled then how will you focus on emotions, so first you will talk about physiological then safety, then love and belongingness then esteem that now you want self respect also, you are feeling self worth also. Now what do you want from others as well ? I need respect. Ok?

10:50 So he came in Esteem. What comes is the highest level of self-actualization which on the spiritual level we call spiritual needs or personal potential or whatever. So that came into your self-actualization. Which we are considering at the highest level, at the intellectual level. There were five of them. These were the five steps. But what did he do later? I changed it. Yes. Initially there were only five. Physiological, Safety, Love, Belonging Esteem and Self Actualization. You should remember these. Ok? Here also, many times when there were five, we called the lower two as basic needs, that is, first physiological need, second is safety. So combining these two, these are the basic needs. Ok? Then when it comes to belongingness and esteem, these are psychological needs. This was physiological. Both are seen in the same way. It is psychological that now you

11:36 need love, now you need respect also etc. And this is self-fulfillment, when will you feel fulfilled, when self- actualization happens. Right? So these were the five. So according to these five also you should know about basic, physiological, psychological and your fulfillment. Ok? This topic was proposed by Maslow in 1954. These five stages are also divided into two parts. Deficiencies and Growth Needs. Ok? So what did he say to the first four levels ? Deficiency. 1 2 3 4 ok? And the subsequent levels, that is the fifth one, look, he called the first four levels as deficiency need and the top one he called as being need, that is, being need, but after that he made seven step and then eight step model, so we will study it in the eight step model, usually only

12:23 five are asked but still you should know this eight step model. OK, so these are the first four steps - Biological Safety, Love and Belongingness and Esteem - these are as they are, there has been no tampering with them. Keeping Self Actualization at the eighth position, three more steps have been added in between - fifth, sixth, seventh. Now number five we are talking about cognitive needs, if I have everything. Ok? Now you see, the biological need is being fulfilled, the safety need is also being fulfilled. There is love and belongingness, there is family, there are things. People also respect him. Everything is there. But still now technically you have everything. Food, clothes, shelter, money, security, safety, everything is there. But still I am such a person that if I don't study the whole day,

13:09 I don't read even a little bit, leave alone the whole day, let's skip a day or two, after that if I don't study or my cognitive level needs are not fulfilled, then work will not work, there will be frustration, things will happen, the environment will get spoiled, so what is that, that cognitive need, your knowledge and understanding, your curiosity, whatever you want to explore, that means you are in pursuit of knowledge, knowledge and understanding. So this knowledge and understanding makes you learn something new. You should know something else related to your subject or in general. Come on, I am teaching you. There will be many people who start reading novels or any book and they have the habit of reading books. He cannot live the whole day without reading a book. He has to read only a small portion. So that is

13:55 their cognitive need. Ok? So in your pursuit of finding knowledge and understanding, those things are driving you towards that. So that is the cognitive need. ok sir? The fifth thing that comes is aesthetic need. Need is related to beauty, balance is related to those things. Ok? So there can be appreciation or pursuit in this. Art, music, nature, these are the things related to who you are if you have not paid attention to these throughout the day. So your day seems incomplete to you. You are feeling life incomplete. So what are you doing ? For a deeper sense of satisfaction, for harmony in life, you are looking for this kind of environment or this kind of thing. So that is aesthetic needs. Ok? Aesthetic means beauty. The gift is self-actualization.

14:42 At number seven. Well, we have said the third on the eighth, that three, I think I said that four as it is. Fifth, sixth, seventh we have added a new one. So no, I added the fifth or sixth one. Self-actualization has been placed on the seventh place which was earlier on the fifth place and then on the eighth we have placed Transcendence Need, the absolutely beyond level spirituality that we were talking about will now come here. Ok? So all the things beyond self-actualization will come here. Ok? So these are eight steps. What are we saying to the first four? Deficiency needs and the next four we call growth needs or being needs. Ok? So this will be Maslow's overall theory. Now how do Maslow and Carl Rogers differentiate ? You should keep this in mind that Maslow has focused on one thing, both of them talk about

15:29 humanistic psychology. Ok? He has a humanistic approach. Maslow focuses on the hierarchy of needs, where when one thing is completed, another begins, then a third, then a fourth. So they talk about hierarchy and you will see that in society also, all those stages fit perfectly. Ok? But Rogers focuses on the environment. Ok? So you should take care of that environment thing. Rogers emphasises the ongoing process of self-actualisation as a potential within everyone regardless of their current need. So this talks about the ongoing process. In that process they also talk about the concept of self. Let's talk about the ideal self and the real self. Talk about genuineness, acceptance and empathy. Ok? So here the

16:14 ideal self will motivate you to work from real self towards ideal self. Ok? So in the concept of self, self worth and self image have come into it. The ideal and real self have arrived. This theory is also called self theory or self-initiated learning. This is also the theory of personality. We will also talk about motivation here. So overall this is our approach related to Carl Roger. Ok? Self worth means what you think about yourself. Ok? I know, like many times you guys say, when I did this, that okay, let the PPTs be provided to you. But on whom? At a cost. Because I still believe that you should make your own notes. But those who are not able to make notes due to some reasons

17:01 and are not able to give time, we are making notes available to them. But at a cost. Many students said that no ma'am, like I took out notes of RRB TGT for 700, okay many students said that the PPTs are same, why 700, so that is my self worth according to me that what I think about myself, whoever wants to take it can take it, otherwise make notes, I am already encouraging you to make notes, right, so that is what you think about your self, okay then self image how we are ourselves, means this self image will influence how our body image is? What is our inner personality like? We are thinking good about ourselves, thinking bad about ourselves, what are we thinking? Ok? then what is it? Rogers' feeling of self-worth is formed

17:47 from interactions during childhood. What We Think About Ourselves. So, how do we see ourselves based on what we think is our self worth, self image, looking at the people around us, our parents, our childhood memories, our experiences ? We see ourselves as beautiful. Let's see the next one. How do you see it? Ideal and Real Self. Real Self: What we actually are, and Ideal: What we aspire to be. Ok? So, whatever ideal and real things will be matching in it. That means, if this is my ideal self and I go, he will come right away. So whatever two things are matching, they will be in congruence. If they are not matching then it comes into incongruence. Like this is my self image and this is my ideal image. So I am somewhere close to the ideal image. Similar to this, I will

18:35 attain the ideal image of how I want to see myself. So this is congruent. Like we also used to study the Congruence Triangle. Ok? So here what is people person, in-self actualize. You are far away from being incongruent. You could be a six peg person if you wanted to, but your weight is 140 kg. So that became an incongruent thing. Ok? Then you will see your self image totally different. There might be a little bit of overlap. Self actualization will become a little difficult here. Ok? When they talk about a person, they talk about three things that for a person to grow, he must have genuineness, acceptance and empathy. Genuineness is like being honest, directly you should not do anything double faced or create any such façade. Ok? Then be transparent. Self disclosing. So that means you

19:22 are a completely transparent and honest person. Genuine human being. Ok? There is acceptance. There is unconditional positive regard. You are also accepting yourself. You are accepting others as well. You are also acknowledging the feelings. You are even acknowledging the problems. You are focusing on how they should be fixed. So there will be unconditional positive regard. Unconditional, there is also a conditional positive regard that is a positive attitude that you can have only based on conditioning, that is, if this condition is there, then a positive attitude will emerge from you. That is conditional positive regard. Ok? So what are we saying? We are focusing on genuineness, acceptance and empowerment. Empathy is like listening to others, being attentive, and sharing. Empathy involves putting yourself in others' shoes.

20:07 Ok? If the other person is telling you about a problem, then you will try to give a solution as if you yourself were facing that problem, what would you do? That kind of situation. So genuine acceptance and empathy plus this unconditional positive regard is what we call acceptance. I have told you about this conditional positive regard and its opposite word to explain it to you. Ok sir. So how do these theories differ? Now, Carl Rogers focuses on the fact that we need to create an environment where there is empathy, acceptance and genuineness. That environment is needed for a person to grow better. Ok? What Carl Rogers says is that all things will run on a hierarchy. We proceed step by step. We move ahead based on our needs. Ok? So Abraham Maslow,

20:54 his full name is Samuel Maslow. They recognize the functioning of a person in his own right. But Roger is also focusing on what the environment needs in order to grow. ok sir. So, I have told you about the theory of Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow. I hope you have understood the whole topic of motivation. If all these eight steps come to the point that there are only five steps and they have to be put in the hierarchy, then you should also know it. Even if I ask you eight steps ahead, you might still understand it. Even if you ask for the intake, it comes. So please focus a lot on Mass Law. There are high chances of questions coming from here. This was all about today. Thank you so much for watching. In the next class we talk about intelligence or personality intelligence I think

21:40 personality. Ok? So in the next class we will cover personality topic and after that intelligence will remain. That means this unit of yours will also be completed in two classes. This was all about today. Thank you so much for watching. Be Happy, Keep Smiling, Subscribe to Intil Get Learning. Because it is absolutely free. Be consistent in your efforts. Take care. See you in the next class.